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The Centre for History and Philosophy of Science is a research institution devoted to the historical and philosophical study of science and technology, based in the Department of Philosophy, at the University of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. The Centre – previously known as the Division of History and Philosophy of Science, which was founded in 1956 – is one of the oldest institutions of its kind in the world. Throughout its history, the Centre has been home to many of the leading historians and philosophers of science who have shaped our understanding of scientific activity and how it shapes and is shaped by wider society. ==Early history and expansion== The key figure in establishing history and philosophy of science (HPS) as a discipline at Leeds was the philosopher of science Stephen Toulmin, who was appointed Professor of Philosophy at Leeds in 1954 and head of department in 1956. Whilst Thomas Kuhn is often seen as the founder of the modern field of history and philosophy of science, Toulmin had argued for an integration of philosophy of science and history of science some nine years before Kuhn published his famous work, ''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions''.〔Toulmin, ''Philosophy of Science: An Introduction'' (1953)〕 After becoming head of the department of philosophy, Toulmin hired two young scholars who would subsequently become amongst the most important thinkers in history and philosophy of science: Jerry Ravetz〔(Jerry Ravetz ), UK.〕 and June Goodfield. Furthermore, physicist-turned-historian Donald Cardwell become a research fellow in HPS and then a lecturer. However, Cardwell left Leeds in 1963 to start a similar department at UMIST. When Toulmin, followed by Goodfield, left Leeds for the USA in 1959, Ravetz led the Leeds HPS group into a period of expansion during the 1960s, which is described by many as a ‘golden age’ of HPS at Leeds. A number of scholars were hired, including Piyo Rattansi, Charles Webster, Ted McGuire, Maurice Crosland, and Charles Schmitt, and a number of postgraduate students who would go to become leading HPS thinkers, such as Margaret Jacob〔(Margaret Jacob ), UCLA, USA.〕 and Robert Fox,〔(Robert Fox ), University of Oxford, UK.〕 studied at Leeds with them. In the 1970s, after the departures of – amongst others – Webster and Crosland, historian of genetics Robert Olby became a leading figure in the Division through his book ''Path to the Double Helix'',〔Robert Olby, ''Path to the Double Helix'' (1974).〕 which showed how the 1953 discoveries of Crick and Watson were rooted in the work of two University of Leeds scientists: the creator of molecular biology, William Astbury, and the Nobel prizewinning inventor of X-ray crystallography, William Henry Bragg. During this period, a number of scholars who would shape HPS at Leeds during the 1980s and 1990s were appointed. These scholars included John Christie〔(John Christie ), University of Leeds, UK.〕 Jonathan Hodge〔(Jonathan Hodge ), University of Leeds, UK.〕 and Geoffrey Cantor, whose groundbreaking research on the history of physics – in particular Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday – would earn him the first professorship in the HPS division at Leeds.〔''Michael Faraday: Sandemanian and Scientist : a Study of Science and Religion in the Nineteenth Century'' (1991), ''Optics After Newton: Theories of Light in Britain and Ireland, 1704–1840'' (1983).〕 Jonathan Hodge collaborated with Geoffrey Cantor on the classic co-edited study ''Conceptions of Ether: Studies in the History of Ether Theories, 1740–1900'' (1981). However, Dr Hodge’s main research interest lies in the history of theories of creation and, in this context, he has written historical articles on the theories of Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon and Ronald Fisher, as well as philosophical pieces on evolutionary biology. In chronological terms, Hodge’s historical focus has been on the period 1770–1850, especially in France and Britain, working on Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin. Monographs are under preparation on the last two, following on from the ''Cambridge Companion to Darwin'' (2003), which was co-edited with recently arrived colleague Gregory Radick, and recently issued in a second edition to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the publication of ''On the Origin of Species''. John Christie has a broad range of expertise in enlightenment science, especially th history of chemistry. A significant proportion of his articles focus on the characters of William Cullen and Joseph Black in Edinburgh and on Joseph Priestley in Leeds. Christie, too, has collaborated with Geoffrey Cantor, their shared interests in linguistic aspects of science leading to the co-edited volume ''The Figural and the Literal: Problems of Language in the History of Science and Philosophy, 1630–1800'' (1987). Notable research students supervised by Cantor, Hodge, and Christie include: * Chris Kenny〔(Chris Kenny ), University of Leeds, UK.〕 – supervised by Cantor and now a teaching fellow in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Leeds. * Sam Alberti – co-supervised by Hodge, Graeme Gooday (Leeds), and Sally Shuttleworth (Sheffield), and now Director of Museums and Archives at the Royal College of Surgeons. * Jan Golinski〔(Jan Golinski ), University of New Hampshire, USA.〕 – supervised by Christie and now Professor of History and Humanities at the University of New Hampshire. * Mark Jackson〔(Mark Jackson ), University of Exeter, UK.〕 – supervised by Christie and now Professor of the History of Medicine and Director of the Centre for Medical History at the University of Exeter. Furthermore, the collective endeavours of life in the Division of HPS at Leeds were epitomized in the much-cited multi-authored ''Companion to the History of Modern Science'' (1990), co-edited by Olby, Cantor, Christie and Hodge. Although there are now competitor volumes, articles from the Leeds Companion still reside on many a reading list for history of science courses throughout the world. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Centre for History and Philosophy of Science, University of Leeds」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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